In November and December 1865, shortly after the end of the Civil War, southern states sought to control their large populations of newly freed black people. - Laws were passed authorizing the arrest and jailing of blacks. - These laws became known as Black Codes. - They typically applied only to blacks and criminalized acts that were not offenses when committed by whites. - On November 24th, 1865, Mississippi passed a black code declaring that all freedmen, free Negroes, and mulatos found without proof of employment were found unlawfully assembling themselves would face up to fifty dollars in fines and serve up to ten days in jail. - As a result of Black Codes, the post-civil war era brought American black citizens more contact with the criminal courts and prison systems than ever before. - As the former Confederacy learned to use the criminal justice system as a tool of racial control, countless black men, women, and children were convicted and sentenced under unjust laws that criminalized them for existing as free black citizens.
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